Nonviolence vs. Jim Crow
Primary Document by Bayard Rustin
This essay, based on an experience Rustin had in 1942, is one example of the countless challenges to Jim Crow and the use of non-violence as a tactic that predate the traditional 1954 start date for the Civil Rights Movement.
U.S. Flag An Act of Defiance for Voting Rights Activists
Resource by Matt Herron
The simple act of a small child carrying an American flag represented defiance of Mississippi law and custom.